Vastu shastra

" VASTU SHASTRA " is a voluminous and scattered ancient indian literature dealing with knowledge of architecture, iconography and art relating to structures and buildings.Vastu means proper place to live in. It should be habitable. Life require basic elements i.e. air, fire (light), water, earth and space. The house in which he lives should provide the benefit of these elements. This means he is well connected to the environment and ecology.

Principles:
Vastushastra is based on various natural energies, which are available free of cost in atmosphere like:

Solar Energy from Sun. Lunar Energy from Moon
Earth Energy
Sky Energy
Electric Energy
Magnetic Energy
Thermal Energy
Wind Energy
Light Energy
Cosmic Energy
Vasthu is a science:
Modern research has proved that the ancient science Vaastu has a firm scientific basis. Vaastu is the study of impact of the Sun's rays on the earth. Vaastu reads the characteristics of a house and explains its effects on the residents in a scientific manner, we can surely count it among the other sciences.Latest research in neuro science has shed light on the fact that our Cosmic Counterparts – the sun, moon, and the planets – have a one-to-one relationship to the different parts of the brain: basil ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus. This natural tendency to align with the cosmos has led to the concept of orienting buildings towards the east to gain the full support of the rising sun.

How it works:
According to Vaastu, there are 5 basic elements in the whole world. They are the Earth, Water, Air, Fire (Heat & Light) and Sky (Cosmic). Vaastu is a science of balancing these elements in the proper proportions for prosperity and harmony. In a broader sense vaastu is a science of directions and it accounts for 8 directions; North, South, East, West, North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West.

Draw a diagonal line to connect the north-western and the south-eastern corners of your plot. Now it has two triangles - one in north-east and another in south-west. The north-eastern triangle is known as the Sun region, while the one is south-west is known as the Moon region. Construction is the Sun region should be light while in the Moon region, it should be heavy, so that the Moon region could have more weight. Thickness of the walls also should be less in the Sun region than those in the Moon region. The sun is rather mild in the morning, so the thin walls in the north and the east will allow the house to harness its goodness fully. But as the day progresses, the sun intensifies. From noon till evening, the sun is most intense. So the thick walls in the south and the west protect the inmates from the harmful effects of the intense sun all throughout afternoon session.

Learn Basics of Vasthu 

Direction & Objects  
EAST: Watch and clocks, Veena, MLA, MP, Collector's office, royal palace, red oleander, copper, gold and red colour.
SOUTH-EAST: Pretty woman, scent, perfume, incense sticks, vermilion, nail polish, cosmetic, cutlery, casino, beauty parlour, imitation jewellery, diamond, silver, brothel, theatre, films, fashion, bedstead, discotheque, music, dinning, art, studio, instruments of fine arts and music, betel box, motor vehicles, gardens and orchids, pink and indigo colours, photography, video shooting, marriage bureau, canopy, cushions, hotel, decorations, cardamom, casino, grocery shop, cobblers shop, manual labours, servants, staff, bullock cart, labourers, oxen, buffaloes, camels, shaving box, garbage, paper, slippers, leather, bones, play ground, grocer, trade, Vaishya, STD booth, pager, income tax, sales tax office, auditor, consulting business, secretary, stationery etc.
SOUTH: Kitchen, vehicle, garage, gas, petrol, kerosene, cement, television, fridge, electric switchboard, crackers, chemicals and explosives, salt, pepper, chillies, cummins, cotton, gold, steel, garlic, onion, agricultural implements, telephone, woods, mountains, sea, tiles, multistorey buildings, sepoy, police station, bus station, writer, red colour etc.
SOUTH-WEST: Parrot, waste materials, crow and female race.
WEST: Lower castes, whisky, bear bar, casino, cremation ground, drugs, ghosts and poltergeists, grave yard, Shivalaya, Jain temple, mosque, non-veg restaurants, snakes, moong dal, gutter, washers' jetty, toilet, garbage dumping sites etc.
NORTH-WEST: Store room, milk, cold drink, ice creams, water, Ayurvedic medicines, cereals, pitcher, wife, water, vendors, water tank, sandal, grapes, pearls, white colours, string of pearls, rings of pearls etc.
NORTH AND NORTH-EAST: Study room, prayer room, temple, religious scriptures, library, students, hostel, teachers, father, elders religious teacher, court, advocate, judge, school, Brahmin, food, dining hall, place of pilgrimage, topaz, city cow, lodge, stock exchange, finance ministry, finance minister, bank manager, cashier, yellow colour, advocate's office, seat of the merchant, scales or balance, lockers etc.

Rooms & their positions    
Direction
Room to be constructed.
East 
 Bathroom
South-east          
Kitchen
South
 Bed room
South-west  
 Room for weapons
West   
Dining room
North-west
Grain store
North
Treasury
North-east
Room of worship
Between East and South-east
 Room for churning curd
Between South and South-east
Room for storage for Ghee etc.
Between South and South-west  
 Latrine (W.C.)
Between South-West and West  
Study room
Between West and North-west
Punishment room for expressing sympathy or sorrow.
Between North and North-West
Bed Room for young couple
Between North and North-east  
Medicine Room
Between East and North-East   
Common/Drawing Room
Besides these, there are other opinions also : 

In South -West corner 
Clothes Room (Wardrobe)
North-west corner      
 Cattle shed
North-east     
Water bodies-tank, well etc.
North-west
Toilet.

  The principal deities of each direction (called the ashtadikpalar) are:
* Northeast- Ruled by Lord of all quarters or Eeshwara Siva
* East- Ruled by Sun God - Aditya
* Southeast- Ruled by Lord of Fire - Agni
* South- Ruled by Lord of Death - Yama
* Southwest- Ruled by ancestors
* West- Ruled by Lord of water
* Northwest- Ruled by Lord Of Winds
* North- Ruled by Lord of Wealth
* Centre- Ruled by Lord/Creator of the Universe

Vasthu for civil engineers:

The Boundary wall on the north and east side should be of less thickness, and the walls on south and west side should be built thicker.Construction of the wall must be started at the South-West corner and work must proceed towards east or towards north in the first phase. The construction of walls from south east towards north and from North-west towards east should be taken up in the second phase.Leave more space open on the north and east than on the south and west respectively.

The vasthu room size is in feet:
Size
EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES
6
The resident will lead a peaceful life.
7
The resident will lose all his wealth.
8
The resident will be blessed with great wealth and will enjoy all pleasures.
9
The resident will not only lose all his wealth but will also face
insurmountable difficulties.
10
The resident can be assured of at least a square meal a day.
11
The resident will enjoy overall health and wealth.
12
The resident will lose his child.
13
The resident will suffer from incurable diseases.
14
Peace of mind will be lost.
15
A death will occur in the resident’s family.
16
The resident will attain great wealth.
17
The resident will defeat his enemies.
18
The house will get destroyed soon.
19
The resident will experience poverty.
20
The resident will lead a happy life.
21
The resident will live with honour and dignity.
22
The resident will defeat his enemies.
23
All evil events will occur in the house.
24
Only moderate benefits can be expected.
25
The resident will lose his wife.
26
Prosperity will rule the house .
27
The resident will become rich.
28
God will bless the resident and his family.
29
The resident will be blessed with all kinds of wealth and material possessions.
30
The resident will be blessed by Godess Lakshmi, the God of wealth.
31
The resident will experience moderate benefits
32
Lost wealth will be regained.
33
The resident will be blessed with overall prosperity
34
The resident will be forced to vacate the house and  live elsewhere.
35
The resident will make a fortune.
36
The resident will be courageous.
37
The resident will be blessed with good children and wealth.
38
The resident will be haunted by a demon at all times.
39
The resident will be blessed with overall prosperity.
40
The resident will lose his possessions because of his enemies.
41
The resident will experience some happy events in his family.
42
The resident wil be blessed with all kinds of wealth.
43
The resident will experience difficulties.
44
The resident will become blind.
45
The resident will be  blessed with good children.
46
The resident will lose his prosperity.
47
The resident will lose his prosperity and will reside in an evil place.
48
The resident will face danger from fire.
49
The resident will face poverty.
50
The resident will face neither good nor bad times.
51
The resident will have to face unnecessary disputes.
52
The resident will be blesed with good food all his life.
53
The resident will face problems because of women.
54
The resident will incur the wrath of the government.
55
Help from relatives can be expected.
56
The resident will be blessed with children.
57
The resident will not have children.
58
The resident will face a threat to his life.
59
The resident will face financial troubles.
60
The resident will advance in his chosen career.
61
The resident will face unwanted disputes.
62
The resident will face poverty and suffer from diseases.
63
The resident will win  in disputes.
64
The resident will prosper and will enjoy all luxuries.
65
The resident will lose his wife.
66
The resident will be blessed with overall prosperity.
67
A devil will enter the house.
68
The resident will unearth a treasure.
69
The resident will face danger from thieves.
70
The resident will become famous.
71
The resident willascend to higher positions in the government.
72
The resident will prosper and gain knowledge.
73
The resident wil have no children.
74
The resident will receive support from the government.
75
The resident will lose his wealth and may die.
76
The resident will face trouble from his relatives.
77
The resident will buy a new vehicle.
78
The resident’s daughter will face problems.
79
The resident will be  blesed with wealth.
80
The lord of wealth will reside in that house.
81
There is a threat to the owner of the house.
82
Threat from natural calamities.
83
The resident will lose his peace of mind.
84
The resident will live happily.
85
The resident will enjoy all luxuries.
86
The resident will face financial difficulties.
87
The resident will acquire vehicles.
88
The resident will experience overall welfare.
89
The resident wil build and acquire more houses.
90
The resident will prosper in all aspects of life.
91
The resident will be very knowledgeable.
92
The resident will  become famous ,might win awards and privileges.
93
The resident will be forced to shift his residence.
94
Poverty will rule the house.
95
The resident will become a celebrity.
96
There will be a drastic increase in all expenditures.
97
The resident will prosper in international business.
98
The resident will go abroad  and become famous.
99
The resident will be blessed with great fortune.
100
The god of arts and education will reside in that house.
101
The resident will accumulate huge wealth.
102
The resident will get help from friends.
103
The resident will be convicted.
104
The resident will not make profits from his business.
105
The resident’s daughter will suffer from disease.
106
The resident will make a fortune.
107
The resident will accumulate huge wealth.
108
God will bless that house and the house and its residents.
109
The resident will be blessed with overall prosperity.
110
The God of wealth will bless the house and its residence.
111
Happy events will occur in the family.
112
The resident will regain lost property.
113
The resident will accumulate wealth.
114
There will be a change of place in the near future.
115
The God of wealth will bless the house.
116
The resident will be well respected in the society.
117
The resident will become wealthier in general.
118
Poverty will rule that house.
119
The resident will accumulate huge wealth
120
The resident will  lose his entire wealth

National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE)

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) (Hindi:नैशनल स्टॉक एक्स्चेंज ऑफ़ इंडिया लिमिटेड) is the leading stock exchange of India, located in Mumbai. NSE was established in 1992 as the first demutualized electronic exchange in the country. NSE was the first exchange in the country to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based electronic trading system which offered easy trading facility to the investors spread across the length and breadth of the country.
Quick facts: National Stock Exchange, Type, ...

NSE has a market capitalization of more than US$1.65 trillion, making it the world’s 12th-largest stock exchange as of 23 January 2015. NSE's flagship index, the CNX Nifty,the 50 stock index, is used extensively by investors in India and around the world as a barometer of the Indian capital markets.

NSE was set up by a group of leading Indian financial institutions at the behest of the government of India to bring transparency to the Indian capital market. Based on the recommendations laid out by the government committee, NSE has been established with a diversified shareholding comprising domestic and global investors. The key domestic investors include Life Insurance Corporation of India, State Bank of India, IFCI Limited IDFC Limited and Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited. And the key global investors are Gagil FDI Limited, GS Strategic Investments Limited, SAIF II SE Investments Mauritius Limited, Aranda Investments (Mauritius) Pte Limited and PI Opportunities Fund I.

NSE offers trading, clearing and settlement services in equity, equity derivatives, debt and currency derivatives segments. It is the first exchange in India to introduce electronic trading facility thus connecting together the investor base of the entire country. NSE has 2500 VSATs and 3000 leased lines spread over more than 2000 cities across India.

The exchange was incorporated in 1992 as a tax-paying company and was recognized as a stock exchange in 1993 under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, when P. V. Narasimha Rao was the Prime Minister of India and Manmohan Singh was the Finance Minister. NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The capital market (equities) segment of the NSE commenced operations in November 1994, while operations in the derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.

How NSE brought about a paradigm shift in Financial market
NSE was mainly set up to bring in transparency in the markets. Instead of trading membership being confined to a group of brokers, NSE ensured that anyone who was qualified, experienced and met minimum financial requirements was allowed to trade. In this context, NSE was ahead of its times when it separated ownership and management in the exchange under SEBI's supervision. The price information which could earlier be accessed only by a handful of people could now be seen by a client in a remote location with the same ease. The paper-based settlement was replaced by electronic depository-based accounts and settlement of trades was always done on time. One of the most critical changes was that a robust risk management system was set in place, so that settlement guarantees could protect investors against broker defaults.

NSE was also instrumental in creating the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) which allows investors to securely hold and transfer their shares and bonds electronically. It also allows investors to hold and trade in as few as one share or bond. This not only made holding financial instruments convenient, but more importantly eliminated the need for paper certificates and greatly reduced the incidents of forged or fake certificates and fraudulent transactions that had plagued the Indian stock market. The NSDL's security, combined with the transparency, lower transaction prices and efficiency that NSE offered, greatly increased the attractiveness of the Indian stock market to domestic and international investors.

Markets
NSE offers trading in the following segments:

Equities
Equities
Indices
Mutual Funds
Exchange Traded Funds
Initial Public Offerings
Security Lending and Borrowing Scheme
Derivatives
Equity Derivatives (including Global Indices like CNX 500, Dow Jones and FTSE )
Currency Derivatives
Interest Rate Futures
Debt
Corporate Bonds
Equity Derivatives
The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) commenced trading in derivatives with the launch of index futures on 12 June 2000. The futures and options segment of NSE has made a global mark. In the Futures and Options segment, trading in CNX Nifty Index, CNX IT index, Bank Nifty Index, Nifty Midcap 50 index and single stock futures are available. Trading in Mini Nifty Futures & Options and Long term Options on CNX Nifty are also available. The average daily turnover in the F&O Segment of the Exchange during the financial year April 2013 to March 2014 stood at Rs 1,52,236 crore.

On 29 August 2011, National Stock Exchange launched derivative contracts on the world’s most followed equity indices, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average. NSE is the first Indian exchange to launch global indices. This is the also the first time in the world that futures contracts on the S&P 500 index were introduced and listed on an exchange outside of their home country, USA. The new contracts include futures on both the DJIA and the S&P 500, and options on the S&P 500.

On 3 May 2012, the National Stock exchange launched derivative contracts (futures and options) on FTSE 100, the widely tracked index of the UK equity stock market. This was the first of its kind of an index of the UK equity stock market launched in India. FTSE 100 includes 100 largest UK listed blue chip companies and has given returns of 17.8 per cent on investment over three years. The index constitutes 85.6 per cent of UK’s equity market cap.

On 10 January 2013, the National Stock Exchange signed a letter of intent with the Japan Exchange Group, Inc. (JPX) on preparing for the launch of CNX Nifty Index futures, a representative stock price index of India, on the Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd. (OSE), a subsidiary of JPX.

Moving forward, both parties will make preparations for the listing of yen-denominated CNX Nifty Index futures by March 2014, the integration date of the derivatives markets of OSE and Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc. (TSE), a subsidiary of JPX. This is the first time that retail and institutional investors in Japan will be able to take a view on the Indian markets, in addition to current ETFs, in their own currency and in their own time zone. Investors will therefore not face any currency risk, because they will not have to invest in dollar denominated or rupee denominated contracts.

Currency Derivatives
In August 2008, currency derivatives were introduced in India with the launch of Currency Futures in USD INR by NSE. It also added currency futures in Euros, Pounds and Yen. The average daily turnover in the F&O Segment of the Exchange on 20 June 2013 stood at Rs 41,926.16 crore in futures and Rs 27,397.70 crore in options, respectively.

Interest Rate Futures
In December 2013, exchanges in India received approval from market regulator SEBI for launching interest rate futures (IRFs) on a single GOI bond or a basket of bonds that will be cash settled. Market participants have been in favour of the product being cash settled and being available on a single bond. NSE will launch the NSE Bond Futures on January 21 on highly liquid 7.16 percent and 8.83 percent 10-year GOI bonds. Interest Rate Futures were introduced for the first time in India by NSE on 31 August 2009, exactly one year after the launch of Currency Futures. NSE became the first stock exchange to get an approval for interest-rate futures, as recommended by the SEBI-RBI committee.

Debt Market
On 13 May 2013, NSE launched India's first dedicated debt platform to provide a liquid and transparent trading platform or debt related products.

The Debt segment provides an opportunity to retail investors to invest in corporate bonds on a liquid and transparent exchange platform. It also helps institutions who are holders of corporate bonds. It is an ideal platform to buy and sell at optimum prices and help Corporates to get adequate demand, when they are issuing the bonds.

Trading schedule
Trading on the equities segment takes place on all days of the week (except Saturdays and Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance). The market timings of the equities segment are:

(1) Pre-open session
Order entry & modification Open: 09:00 hrs
Order entry & modification Close: 09:08 hrs*
*with random closure in last one minute. Pre-open order matching starts immediately after close of pre-open order entry.

(2) Regular trading session
Normal/Retail Debt/Limited Physical Market Open: 09:15 hrs
Normal/Retail Debt/Limited Physical Market Close: 15:30 hrs.
Exchange Traded Funds and Derivatives on NSE
The following products are trading on CNX Nifty Index in the Indian and international Market:

7 Asset Management Companies have launched exchange-traded funds on CNX Nifty Index which are listed on NSE
15 index funds have been launched on CNX Nifty Index
Unit linked products have been launched on CNX Nifty Index by several insurance companies in India
World Indices
Derivatives Trading on CNX Nifty Index:

Futures and Options trading on CNX Nifty Index
Trading in CNX Nifty Index Futures on Singapore Stock Exchange(SGX)
Trading in CNX Nifty Index Futures on Chicago Mercantile Exchange(CME)
Technology
NSE’s trading system, is a state of-the-art application. It has an up time record of 99.99% and processes more than 450 million messages every day with sub millisecond response time. Earlier NSE used Out Cry System but now it is using fully computerised online system.

NSE has taken huge strides in technology in these 20 years. In 1994, when trading started, NSE technology was handling 2 orders a second. This increased to 60 orders a second in 2001. Today NSE can handle 1, 60,000 orders/messages per second, with infinite ability to scale up at short notice on demand, NSE has continuously worked towards ensuring that the settlement cycle comes down. Settlements have always been handled smoothly. The settlement cycle has been reduced from T+5 to T+2/T+1.

Financial Literacy
NSE has collaborated with several universities like Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics (GIPE), Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU), Pune, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, Ravenshaw University of Cuttack and Punjabi University, Patiala, among others to offer MBA and BBA courses. NSE has also provided mock market simulation software called NSE Learn to trade (NLT) to develop investment, trading and portfolio management skills among the students. The simulation software is very similar to the software currently being used by the market professionals and helps students to learn how to trade in the markets.

NSE also conducts online examination and awards certification, under its Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM) programmes. At present, certifications are available in 46 modules, covering different sectors of financial and capital markets, both at the beginner and advanced levels. The list of various modules can be found at the official site of NSE India. In addition, since August 2009, it offered a short-term course called NSE Certified Capital Market Professional (NCCMP). The NCCMP or NSE Certified Capital Market Professional is a 100 hour program for over 3–4 months, conducted at the colleges, and covers theoretical and practical training in subjects related to the capital markets. NCCMP covers subjects like equity markets, debt markets, derivatives, macroeconomics, technical analysis and fundamental analysis. Successful candidates are awarded joint certification from NSE and the concerned

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is an Indian stock exchange located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Established in 1875 and is considered to be one of Asia’s fastest stock exchanges, with a speed of 200 microseconds and one of India’s leading exchange groups and the oldest stock exchange in the South Asia region. Bombay Stock Exchange is the world's 10th largest stock market by market capitalization at $1.7 trillion as of 23 January 2015.[2] More than 5,000 companies are listed on BSE.

History
The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest exchange in Asia. It traces its history to 1855, when four Gujarati and one Parsi stockbroker would gather under banyan trees in front of Mumbai's Town Hall. The location of these meetings changed many times as the number of brokers constantly increased. The group eventually moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 became an official organization known as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association".

On 31 August 1957, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by the Indian Government under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. In 1980, the exchange moved to the Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers at Dalal Street, Fort area. In 1986, it developed the BSE SENSEX index, giving the BSE a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2000, the BSE used this index to open its derivatives market, trading SENSEX futures contracts. The development of SENSEX options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSE's trading platform.

Historically an open outcry floor trading exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system developed by CMC Ltd in 1995. It took the exchange only fifty days to make this transition. This automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-line trading (BOLT) had a capacity of 8 million orders per day. The BSE has also introduced a centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx.co.in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform.

Timeline
Following is the timeline of the BSE.

1830 to 1875
1830's Business on corporate stocks and Share in Bank and Cotton presses started in Bombay.
1860-1865 Cotton price bubble as a result of the American Civil War.
1870 - 90's Sharp increase in Share prices of jute industries followed by a boom in tea stocks and coal.
1875 To 1995
9 July 1875 The Native Share & Stock Broker's Association formed
2 February 1921 Clearing House started by Bank of India
31 August 1957 BSE granted permanent recognition under Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act (SCRA)
2 January 1986 SENSEX, country's first equity index launched (Base Year: 1978-79 =100)
10 July 1987 Investor's Protection Fund (IPF) introduced
3 January 1989 BSE Training Institute (BTI) inaugurated
25 July 1990 SENSEX closes above 1000
15 January 1992 SENSEX closes above 2000
30 March 1992 SENSEX closes above 4000
1 May 1992 SEBI Act established (An Act to protect, develop and regulate the securities market)
29 May 1992 Capital Issues (Control) Act repealed
1992 Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) established
14 March 1995 BSE On-Line Trading (BOLT) system introduced
1996 To 2000
19 August 1996 First major SENSEX revamp* 22 March 1999 Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL) set up with other financial institutions
1 June 1999 Interest rate swaps (IRS) / Forward Rate Agreements (FRA) allowed
15 July 1999 CDSL commences work
11 October 1999 SENSEX closed above 5000
11 February 2000 SENSEX crosses 6000 intra-day
9 June 2000 Equity Derivatives introduced
2001 To 2005
1 March 2001 Corporatisation of Exchanges proposed by the Union Govt.
1 February 2001 BSE Webx Launched
1 June 2001 Index Options launched
4 June 2001 BSE PSU index introduced
15 June 2001 WDM operations at commenced
2 July 2001 Value at risk model introduced for margin requirement calculation
9 July 2001 Stock options launched
11 July 2001 BSE Teck launched, India’s First free float index
25 July 2001 Dollex 30 launched
1 November 2001 Stock futures launched
29 November 2001 100% book building allowed
31 December 2001 All securities clearing move to T+5 (trade date + 5 days)
1 February 2002 Two way fungibility for ADR/GDR
15 February 2002 Negotiated Dealing System (NDS) established
1 April 2002 T+3 settlement Introduced
1 January 2003 India’s first ETF on SENSEX - ‘SPICE' introduced
16 January 2003 Retail trading in G Sec
1 April 2003 T+2 settlement Introduced
1 June 2003 Bankex launched
1 September 2003 SENSEX shifted to free-float methodology
1 December 2003 T group launched
2 June 2004 SENSEX closes over 6000 for the first time (564.71 points, 11.14%)
17 May 2004 Second biggest fall of all time, Circuit filters used twice in a day (the Scheme) announced by SEBI
20 May 2005 The BSE (Corporatisation and Demutualisation) Scheme, 2005
8 August 2005 Incorporation of Bombay Stock Exchange Limited
12 August 2005 Certificate of Commencement of Business
19 August 2005 BSE becomes a Corporate Entity
7 February 2006 SENSEX closed above 10000
7 July 2006 BSE Gujarati website launched
21 October 2006 BSE Hindi website launched
2 November 2006 ishares BSE SENSEX India Tracker listed at Hong Kong Stock Exchange
2 January 2007 Launch of Unified Corporate Bond Reporting platform: Indian Corporate Debt Market (ICDM)
7 March 2007 Singapore Exchange Limited entered into an agreement to invest in a 5% stake in BSE
16 May 2007 Appointed Date under the Scheme i.e. Date on which Corporatisaton and Demutualisation was achieved. Notified by SEBI in the Official Gazette on 29.06.2007
10 January 2008 SENSEX All-time high 21206.77
1 October 2008 Currency Derivatives Introduced
18 May 2009 The SENSEX raised 2110.70 points (17.34%) and Index-wide upper circuit breaker applied
7 August 2009 BSE - USE Form Alliance to Develop Currency & Interest Rate
24 August 2009 BSE IPO Index launched
1 October 2009 Bombay Stock Exchange introduces trade details facility for the Investors
5 October 2009 BSE Introduces New Transaction Fee Structure for Cash Equity Segment
25 November 2009 BSE launches FASTRADE™ - a new market access platform
4 December 2009 BSE Launches BSE StAR MF – Mutual Fund trading platform
7 December 2009 Launch of clearing and settlement of Corporate Bonds through Indian Clearing Corporation Ltd.
14 December 2009 Marathi website launched
18 December 2009 BSE's new derivatives rates to lower transaction costs for all
4 January 2010 Market time changed to 9.0 a.m. - 3.30 p.m.
20 January 2010 BSE PSU website launched
22 April 2010 New DBM framework @ Rs.10 lakhs - 90% reduction in Membership Deposit
12 May 2010 Dissemination of Corporate Action information via SWIFT platform
23 July 2010 Options on BOLT
21 September 2010 First to introduce Mobile-based Trading
29 September 2010 Introduction of Smart Order Routing (SOR)
4 October 2010 EUREX - SENSEX Futures launch
11 October 2010 Launch of Fastrade on Web (FoW) - Exchange hosted platform
5 November 2010 SENSEX closes above 21,000 for the first time
12 November 2010 Commencement of Volatility Index
22 November 2010 Launch of SLB
10 December 2010 Launch of SIP
27 December 2010 Commencement of Shariah Index
2011 To 2014
17 November 2011 Maharashtra and United Kingdom Environment Ministers launched Concept Note for BSE Carbon Index
30 December 2011, picks up a stake in the proxy advisory firm, Institutional Investor Advisory Services India Limited (IiAS)
7 January 2011 BSE Training Institute Ltd. with IGNOU launched India's first 2 year full-time MBA programme specialising in Financial Market
15 January 2011 Co-location facility at BSE - tie up with Netmagic.com
22 February 2012 Launch of BSE-GREENEX to promote investments in Green India
13 March 2012 Launch of BSE - SME Exchange Platform
30 March 2012 BSE launched trading in BRICSMART indices derivatives
19 February 2013 - SENSEX becomes S&P SENSEX as BSE ties up with Standard and Poor's to use the S&P brand for Sensex and other indices.
28 November 2013 Launch of Currency Derivatives (BSE CDX)
28 January 2014 Launch of Interest Rate Futures (BSE –IRF)
11 Feb 2014 Launch of Institutional Trading Platform on BSE SME
20 March 2014 BSE Launches New Debt Segment
04 April 2014 BSE SME exceeds USD 1 billion market capitalisation
07 April 2014 Launch of Equity Segment on BOLT Plus with Median Response Time of 200 (µs)
27 May 2014 BSE felicitated at The Asian Banker Summit 2014
26 September 2014 BSE inks MoU with BNY Mellon
22 October 2014 BSE inks strategic partnership with YES BANK
28 November 2014 BSE listed cos market cap crosses landmark 100 lakh crore
12 December 2014 Market Cap of BSE SME listed companies crosses landmark 10,000 crore
2015
8 January 2015 BSE commenced live trading from its Disaster Recovery site in Hyderabad
Hours of operation
More information: Session, Timing, ...
The hours of operation for the BSE quoted above are stated in terms of the local time (GMT + 5:30). BSE's normal trading sessions are on all days of the week except Saturday, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.

Indices

Graph of S&P BSE SENSEX monthly data from January 1991 to May 2013
The launch of SENSEX in 1986 was later followed up in January 1989 by introduction of BSE National Index (Base: 1983-84 = 100). It comprised 100 stocks listed at five major stock exchanges in India - Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Madras. The BSE National Index was renamed BSE-100 Index from 14 October 1996 and, since then, its calculations take into consideration only the prices of stocks listed at BSE.

BSE launched the dollar-linked version of BSE-100 index on 22 May 2006, the "BSE-200" and the "DOLLEX-200" on 27 May 1994, the BSE-500 Index and 5 sectoral indices in 1999, and the BSE-PSU Index, DOLLEX-300, and the BSE TECk Index (the country's first free-float based index) in 2001. Over the years, BSE shifted all its indices to the free-float methodology (except BSE-PSU index).

BSE disseminates information on the Price-Earnings Ratio, the Price to Book Value Ratio, and the Dividend Yield Percentage of all its major indices on day-to-day basis. The values of all BSE indices are updated on a real time basis during market hours and displayed through the BOLT system, the BSE website, and news wire agencies. All BSE Indices are reviewed periodically by the BSE Index Committee. This Committee, which comprises eminent independent finance professionals, frames the broad policy guidelines for the development and maintenance of all BSE indices. The BSE Index Cell carries out the day-to-day maintenance of all indices and conducts research on development of new indices.

SENSEX is significantly correlated with the stock indices of other emerging markets.

Awards
BSE has won several awards and recognitions.

The World Council of Corporate Governance has awarded the Golden Peacock Global CSR Award in financial sector for BSE's initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in 2007.
1993 Bombay bombings at BSE
On Friday, 12 March 1993 at 1:30 p.m. a powerful car bomb exploded in the basement of the Bombay Stock Exchange building. The 28-storey office building housing the exchange was severely damaged, and many nearby office buildings also suffered some damage. About 50 people were killed by this explosion